频率Frequency（Hz） 允许运行时间(分) allowable operation time (minute)
　　51.0～51.5 4
　　50.5～51.0 30
　　48.5～50.5 连续运行 continuous operation
　　48.0～48.5 30
　　47.5～48.0 6
　　
　　发电机的功率因数额定值为0.85,一般不超过迟相0.98运行。发电机功率因数变动时，其定子和转子电流不超过当时冷却条件下的允许值。调整功率因数应根据150kV母线电压曲线来决定，低功率因数时转子电流应不大于额定值。发电机进相运行必须经过进相试验确认并对进相深度有明确数据，且经有关领导批准后方可进行，否则，发电机不得进相运行。
　　The rated power factor value of generator is 0.85, which generally does not exceed 0.98 lag for operation. When the power factor of generator changes, its stator and rotor current will not exceed the allowable value under the cooling condition at that time. The power factor adjustment can be decided via the 150KV main bus voltage curve while the current of rotor under low power factor should be no higher than the rated value. The leading phase operation of generator must be confirmed via leading phase test. Besides, there must be clear data for the depth of the leading phase. The leading phase operation also can be carried out via approve of relevant leaders. Otherwise, the leading phase operation is not allowed for generator.
　　发电机在运行中的出力应符合下图的规定。
　　The output of generator in operation should accord with the regulations in the following diagram.
　　
　　
　　3.1.6.1.2 发电机运行中各部温度的监视
　　3.1.6.1.2 The monitoring on the temperature at each part during the generator operation
　　发电机各部温度限值、检测方法
　　The limited value and measuring methods for the temperature at each part of the generator
　　定子线圈绝缘等级
　　The insulation degree
　　 of stator coil F
　　转子线圈绝缘等级
　　Te insulation degree
　　Of rotor coil F
　　定子铁芯绝缘等级
　　The insulation degree
　　Of stator iron core F
　　定子绕组及出线出水温度
　　The temperature of stator winding and outgoing circuit water outlet ≤80℃ 埋置检温计
　　Bury the Temperature detector
　　定子绕组层间温度
　　The interlayer temperature
　　 of stator winding ≤90℃ 埋置检温计
　　Bury the Temperature detector
　　定子绕组层间温度差
　　The interlayer temperature difference
　　 of stator winding ≤15℃
　　转子绕组温度
　　The stator winding temperature ≤110℃ 电阻法
　　Resistance method
　　定子铁芯温度
　　Stator iron core ≤120℃ 埋置检温计
　　Temperature inspector is buried.
　　定子端部结构件温度
　　The structure part temperature at stator end ≤120℃ 首台埋置检温计
　　Bury the first set of temperature detector
　　集电环温度
　　The temperature of Collector ring ≤120℃ 温度计法
　　Thermometer method
　　轴瓦温度
　　Bearing liner temperature ≤90℃ 检温计法
　　Temperature detector method
　　轴系和油封回油温度
　　The returning oil temperature of shafting and oil seal ≤70℃ 检温计法
　　Temperature detector method
　　
　　3.1.6.1.3 发电机运行中的监视、检查和一般规定：
　　3.1.6.1.3 The supervision, inspection and general regulations for generator operation:
　　氢气纯度正常时应不低于98%，发电机内气体含氧量不得超过2%，否则应排污补氢；
　　When the hydrogen purity is normal, it should be no lower than 98% and the oxygen content of the gas inside the generator should be no more than 2%. Otherwise, it needs blowdown for making up the hydrogen;
　　发电机进风温度为：3040℃，最低不低于30℃，最高不得超过55℃。出风温度一般不超过60℃。当进风温度超过40℃时，发电机负荷应相应控制：进风温度在4045℃范围内，每增加1℃，定子电流允许值较额定值下降1.5%。进风温度在4550℃范围内，每增加1℃，定子电流比额定值减少2%。进风温度在5055℃范围内，每增加1℃，定子电流比额定值减少3%。
　　The inlet air temperature of generator: 3040℃，the lowest cannot be less than 30℃ while the highest cannot be higher than 55℃. Generally, the outlet air temperature does not exceed 60℃. When the inlet air temperature exceeds 40℃, the load of generator should be controlled correspondingly: if the inlet air temperature is within the range of 4045℃ and 1℃ is increased every time, the allowable value of stator current reduces 1.5% comparing to the rated value. If the inlet air temperature is within the range of 4550℃ and 1℃ is increased every time, the current of stator will reduce 2% comparing to the rated value. If the inlet air temperature is within the range of 5055℃ and 1℃ is increased every time, the current of stator will reduce 3% comparing to the rated value.
　　控制发电机内氢气湿度折算到大气压下的露点温度应小于0℃且不低于-25℃，氢罐的湿度在常压下不得高于-50℃露点；
　　Control the hydrogen humidity inside the generator in the form of dew point temperature under atmospheric pressure which should be in the range of 0℃ to -25℃. The humidity of hydrogen tank under normal pressure should be no higher than the dew point -50℃
　　氢气干燥装置应经常投入使用，当机内氢气湿度大于露点温度0℃时，应立即检查干燥装置是否失效；
　　The hydrogen drying device should be put into use frequently. If the hydrogen humidity inside the generator is higher than the dew point 0℃, check that whether the drying device is invalid or not;
　　应按时检测发电机油系统、主油箱内、封闭母线内氢气体积含量，超过1%时，应停机查漏消缺；
　　Check the oil system of generator on time as well as the hydrogen volume content inside the main oil tank and closed main bus. When it is more than 1%, shut down the generator and check and eliminate the defect;
　　当内冷水箱内含氢量达到3%时报警，在120h内缺陷未能消除，或含氢量升至20%时，应停机处理；
　　When the hydrogen content inside the internal cooling water tank reaches 3%, it will alarm. If the defect has not been eliminated within 120 hours or the hydrogen content increases to 20%, shut down the generator and shoot the trouble;
　　维持氢压高于水压，水温高于氢温，氢侧密封油压微大于空侧密封油压；
　　Maintain the hydrogen pressure higher than water pressure as well as the water temperature higher than hydrogen temperature; besides, maintain the seal oil pressure at hydrogen side slightly higher than the seal oil pressure at air side;
　　发电机运行中，应尽量保持氢气压力的稳定，避免发电机在低氢压下运行，控制好氢油压差；
　　During the generator operation, maintain the hydrogen pressure as stable as possible to prevent the generator from operating under low hydrogen pressure. Besides, control the hydrogen oil pressure well;
　　监视发电机运行情况，及时调整和严格控制发电机定子电压、电流以及磁场电压、电流等不超过规定值；
　　Monitor the operation condition of generator, adjust in time and strictly control the voltage and current of generator stator as well as the voltage and current of magnetic field not exceed the prescribed value;
　　正常运行时，每小时应打印发电机定子槽内层间温度、温差和水支路出水口温度及温差，并进行检查、比较、分析，若发现异常，应根据具体情况作出处理，加强该部位的监视，立即向值长汇报；
　　During the normal operation, print out the interlayer temperature of the generator stator groove, temperature difference, water outlet temperature of water branch and its temperature difference every hour. Besides, check, compare and analyze the above parameters. If there is anything abnormal, work out the treatment according to specific condition and intensify the monitoring on this part. Afterwards, report to the shift leader immediately;
　　每班应对发电机、励磁系统、励磁变、继电保护装置等就地设备进行一次全面认真检查，发现缺陷及时记录；
　　Take an overall inspection on generator, excitation system, excitation transformer, relay protection device and local equipment carefully during every duty. If any defect is found, make the record;
　　运行中的发电机应加强在线绝缘过热监视仪、局部放电监测仪和冷却系统的检查监视，严防发电机线棒绝缘损坏；
　　The inspection and supervision on on-line insulation monitor, partial discharge monitor and cooling system for the generator in operation should be intensified to strictly prevent the generator winding bar from damage;
　　监视CRT画面中设备的状态指示与实际相符；
　　 Monitor and make sure that the status indication of the equipment on CRT screen in line with the actual condition.
　　3.1.6.1.4 发电机定子绕组最高温度及其最高最低温差的限值规定：
　　3.1.6.1.4 The limited value regulation of generator stator winding highest temperature and the temperature gap between the highest and lowest temperature:
　　上层或下层线棒同类水支路出水热电偶测温元件的最高与最低的温差报警值为8K，停机值为12K；
　　The alarm value of the gap between the highest and lowest temperature of the temperature measuring element is 8K. Thereinto, the temperature measuring element is on the same kind of water branch water outlet thermocouple at the upper layer or lower layer winding bar. The shutdown value is 12K.
　　绕组层间的最高温度报警值为90℃，绕组层间最高与最低的温差报警值为8K，停机值为14K；
　　The highest temperature alarm value of the winding interlayer is 90℃. The highest and lowest temperature gap alarm value of the winding interlayer is 8K while the shutdown value is 14K;
　　总出水的最高温度报警值为85℃，总出水对进水的温升报警值为31K；
　　The highest temperature alarm value of total water outlet is 85℃. The temperature increase alarm value for total water outlet to inlet is 31K;
　　上层或下层线棒同类水支路出水的最高温度报警值为85℃，停机值为90℃；
　　The highest temperature alarm value of the same kind of water branch water outlet at the upper or lower layer winding bar is 85℃. The shutdown value is 90℃.
　　并联引线、主引线、主出线等独立串联水支路出水对进水的温升报警值为31K，出水温度停机值为90℃。
　　The temperature increase alarm value of the parallel leading wire, main wire, outgoing wire and independent series water branch water outlet to inlet is 31K while the shutdown value of the water outlet temperature is 90℃.
　　3.1.6.1.5 发电机在长期满载运行时，各部温度用温度巡测仪监视，其温升不超过下列值：
　　3.1.6.1.5 When the generator is operating under full-load condition for a long time, the temperatures of all parts are monitored by temperature patrol measurement instrument and the temperature rises do not exceed the following values:
　　发电机定子绕组监视温升不超过60℃，最高允许温度不超过90℃，层间绕组温度差≤15℃。
　　The temperature rise to be monitored for a generator stator should not exceed 60℃, the maximum allowable temperature does not exceed 90℃ and the temperature difference between layers is not equal to or less than 15℃.
　　发电机定子铁芯监视温升不超过65℃，最高允许温度不超过120℃。
　　The temperature rise of the iron core of the generator stator to be monitor does not exceed 65℃ and the maximum allowable temperature does not exceed 120℃.
　　发电机转子绕组监视温升不超过70℃，最高允许温度不超过110℃。
　　Monitor the temperature rise of the winding of the generator rotor does not exceed 70℃ and the maximum allowable temperature does not exceed 110℃.
　　3.1.6.1.6 发电机本体及氢系统5m以内禁止明火，禁区内明火作业应办理动火工作票，每次动火前，需要进行含氢量测定，含氢量应小于3%方可明火工作。
　　3.1.6.1.6 Open flame is forbidden within 5m of the generator proper and hydrogen system; the hot work permit should be carried out if work is to be done in the forbidden area; the hydrogen content needs to be determined before the hot work every time; the work only can be done in an open flame condition when the hydrogen content is less than 3%.
　　3.1.6.2 主变压器的运行维护
　　3.1.6.2 The operation and maintenance of main transformer
　　3.1.6.2.1 主变压器冷却装置运行方式
　　3.1.6.2.1 The operation mode of main transformer cooler
　　主变压器冷却方式为强迫导向油循环风冷，共设冷却器七组。
　　The cooling mode of the main transformer is forced guide oil circulating air cooling mode and there are seven groups of coolers.
　　在没有开启冷却器的情况下，不许带负荷运行，也不许长期空载运行。
　　In the condition that the coolers are not started, the on-load operation is not allowed and the long term no-load operation is also not allowed.
　　运行中，若冷却器全停，变压器在温度不超过85℃时最多允许运行60分钟。
　　During operation, if all coolers are stopped, the transformer is allowed to operate for 60 minutes at most when the temperature does not exceed 85℃.
　　低负荷运行时，可以停运部分冷却器。开动一部分冷却器可带多少负荷，由下式计算：
　　During low load operation, part of coolers can be stopped. How much the load is on when part of the coolers are started can be calculated according to the following formula:
　　开动n个冷却器能带的负荷：SN=SHPK＇/PK (KVA)
　　The load can be burdened when n coolers being started : SN=SHPK＇/PK (KVA)
　　开动n个冷却器允许的负载损耗：PK＇=nP-P0 (KW)
　　The allowable load loss when n coolers being started: PK＇=nP-P0 (KW)
　　 SH——变压器额定容量(KVA) ； P——每组冷却器冷却容量(KW)
　　 SH——Rated capacity of transformer(KVA), P——the cooling capacity of each groups of coolers (KW)
　　P0——变压器空载损耗； PK——变压器满载短路损耗(KW)
　　P0——No load loss of transformer; PK——full load short circuit loss of transformer (KW)
　　主变压器带75%以上额定负荷时，冷却器投入五组工作，一组辅助，一组备用。带75%以下负荷时，冷却器投四组工作，一组辅助，一组备用，一组停运。变压器空载时，冷却器停运。
　　When the main transformer is with 75% of the rated load, five groups of coolers should be put into use: one group for assistance and one group for standby. When it is with less than 75% of the rated load, four groups of coolers should be put into use: one group for assistance, one group for standby and one group for shutdown. When the transformer is with no load, the coolers should be shut down.
　　3.1.6.2.2 变压器正常运行中的一般检查项目
　　3.1.6.2.2 Common inspection items during normal transformer operation
　　变压器运行中声音是否正常，声音是否增大，有无其它异音。
　　Inspect whether the sound during transformer operation is normal, whether the sound becomes loud and whether there are other abnormal sounds.
　　变压器储油柜和充油套管的油位、油色均应正常，且不渗漏油。
　　Inspect and make sure that the oil level and oil color of the oil storage cabinet of the transformer and the oil-filled bushing are normal and there is no oil leakage.
　　变压器的油温和温升是否正常，就地各温度表指示和遥测温度表指示是否相等。
　　Inspect whether the oil temperature and temperature of the transformer are normal, and whether the indication of each local thermometer is equal to the indication of each tele-thermometer.
　　变压器套管是否清洁，有无破损裂纹、放电痕迹及其它现象。
　　Inspect whether the bushing of the transformer is clean, has cracks, discharge tracks and other phenomena.
　　变压器各引线接头、电缆有无发热变色和其它异常现象。
　　Inspect whether the connector of each lead and the cables of the transformer has heating, color change and other abnormal phenomena.
　　变压器冷却装置运行方式是否正确，各潜油泵，冷却风机有无异音，运行是否正常，油流继电器指示是否正常。
　　Inspect whether the operation mode of the cooling device of the transformer is correct, whether each oil submersible pump and cooling fan have abnormal sound or not, whether the operation is normal and whether the indication of the oil flowing relay is normal.
　　室内变压器的门窗、门锁、铁丝网是否完整，室内有无渗水、漏水、进汽现象。室内温度适宜，照明和通风完好
　　Inspect whether the windows and locks of the door and the iron wire net of the indoor transformer are complete and whether there are water seepage, water leakage and steam admission. Inspect and make sure that the indoor temperature is suitable, the lighting and ventilation are good.
　　呼吸器完好，硅胶干燥。
　　Inspect and make sure that the respirator is good and the silica gel is dry.
　　瓦斯继电器内应无气体，各处密封良好，无渗漏油现象。
　　Inspect and make sure that there is no gas in the gas relay, the sealing of each part is good and there is no oil leakage.
　　变压器外壳和接地网的连接是否牢固完好。
　　Inspect whether the connection between the transformer shell and the grounding grid is firm and good.
　　有载调压变压器就地档位与集控室指示位置一致。
　　Inspect and make sure that the local tap position of the on-load voltage changing transformer is agree with the position indication shown in the centralized control room.
　　压力释放器或安全气道及防爆膜应完好无损。
　　Inspect and make sure that the pressure relief device or safety gas pipeline and the explosion-proof membrane should be good and without damage.
　　各控制箱和二次端子箱应关严，无受潮。
　　Inspect and make sure that all control boxes and secondary terminal boxes are closed tightly and are not moistened.
　　检查干式变压器的外表面应无积污。
　　Inspect and make sure there is no dirt retention on the external surface of the dry type transformer.
　　消防设施完好。
　　Inspect and make sure the fire fighting facilities are good and complete.
　　3.1.6.2.3 变压器的特殊检查项目
　　3.1.6.2.3 Special inspection items on a transformer
　　对于新安装或经过检修的变压器在投运72小时内，应每两小时对变压器进行一次全面检查。
　　An complete inspection should be done for the newly installed transformer or the transformer that has been maintained once every two hours within 72 hours after it has been put into operation.
　　雷雨天过后，应检查变压器各部无放电痕迹，引线接头无过热现象，各避雷器的计数器动作次数，并做好记录。
　　After thundershower, all parts of the transformer should be inspected to see whether there is any discharge track and whether the lead connector is overheated; record the action times of the counter of each arrester.
　　大风天应检查户外变压器各引线有无剧烈摆动，变压器上部及周围有无杂物。
　　When it is windy, each lead of the outdoor transformer should be inspected to see whether it swaying violently and whether there is any foreign matter on the upper part of the transformer or around the transformer.
　　大雪天，应检查变压器各套管和引线连接处有无熔雪现象，有无冰溜子。
　　When it is snowy, the connection part between each bushing and the lead of the transformer should be inspected to see whether there are melt snow and ice.
　　大雾天，应检查变压器套管有无火花放电、污闪现象。
　　When it is foggy, the bushing of the transformer should be inspected to see whether spark discharge and pollution flashover phenomena appear.
　　气温骤变时，应检查油枕和充油套管油位、油温和温升变化情况。
　　When the air temperature changes suddenly, the oil level, oil temperature and temperature rise changes of the oil conservator and the oil-filled bushing should be inspected.
　　变压器过负荷运行或冷却装置故障停运时，应每30分钟检查一次。
　　When the transformer is in overload operation or the cooling device is shutdown due to fault, an inspection should be done once every 30 minutes.
　　夜间闭灯检查各接头有无发热烧红现象，套管有无放电现象。
　　Turn off the light during night to inspect whether heating and burned red phenomena appear in each connector and whether discharge appears in the bushing or not.
　　变压器加入运行后，应立即进行全面检查。
　　After the transformer comes into operation, a complete inspection should be done immediately.
　　3.1.6.2.4 变压器瓦斯保护的运行：
　　3.1.6.2.4 The operation of transformer gas protection:
　　变压器正常运行时，重瓦斯保护应投“跳闸”，轻瓦斯保护投“信号”。
　　When the transformer is in normal operation, the heavy gas protection switch should be put in “trip” position and the light gas protection switch should be put in “signal” position.
　　新安装或检修后的变压器，在充电时，应将重瓦斯保护投入“跳闸”，充电正常后，改投“信号”，试运行48小时无异常时，投至“跳闸”。
　　For the newly installed transformer or the transformer after maintenance, its light gas protection switch should be put in “trip” position during charging and changed to “signal” position after the charge is normal; put it in “trip” if there is no abnormity when it has been in test running for 48 hours.
　　当在变压器重瓦斯保护回路上工作时，放至“信号”侧，工作完毕后投至“跳闸”位置。
　　When work is done on the loop of the heavy gas protection of the transformer, put the heavy gas protection switch at “signal” side and change it to “trip” position after the work is over.
　　运行中的变压器在更换硅胶、滤油、加油、放油时应先将重瓦斯改投“信号”侧，工作完毕后监视运行48小时，经放气无气后，将重瓦斯改投“跳闸”侧，若此期间出现瓦斯信号，应重新记时。
　　When replacing silica gel, filtering, filling and discharging oil for the transformer that is in operation, the heavy gas should be put at “signal” side, and then it should be put at “trip” side after the work is over and it has operating for 48 hours under monitoring and when there is no gas after discharging gas; if gas signal appears during this period, the timing should be done again.
　　变压器重瓦斯保护由于工作要求投至“信号”侧时，变压器其它主保护仍应正常投入。
　　When the heavy gas protection of the transformer is put at “signal” side due to work requirements, the other main protections of the transformer should still be put into operation normally.
　　变压器有载分接开关的重瓦斯保护应投“跳闸”位置。
　　The heavy gas protection of the on-load tap-changer of the transformer should be put in “trip” position.
　　当变压器油位计的油面异常升高或呼吸系统有异常现象，需要打开放气或放油阀门时，应先将重瓦斯改投“信号”位置，工作完毕，恢复至“跳闸”位置。
　　When the oil surface of the transformer oil gauge rises abnormally or the respiratory system is abnormal and the gas discharge and oil discharge valve need to be opened, the heavy gas protection should be put in “signal” position at first and then recover to “trip” position after the work is over.
　　3.1.6.3 厂高变运行维护
　　3.1.6.3 Operation and maintenance of HV auxiliary transformer
　　厂高变及启/备变冷却装置投自动时，吹风装置投入与退出由油温控制。当变压器油温达到整定值第二上限时(80℃)温度控制器动作，吹风装置投入运行，直至油面降到整定值第一上限(55℃)，油温控制器再次动作，吹风装置退出工作状态。同时通过复合温包可在控制室看到显示温度，得到报警信号。
　　When the cooling devices of HV auxiliary transformer and startup standby transformer are put into auto mode, the activation and exit of the blowing device is controlled by the oil temperature. When the temperature of the transformer oil gets to the secondary upper limit of the set point (80℃), the temperature controller works and the blowing device puts into operation; until the oil temperature decreases to the first upper limit of the set point(55℃), the oil temperature controller works again and the blowing device exits from working state. Meanwhile, the display temperature can be seen in the control room through the composite temperature bulb and the alarm signal can be got.
　　当风扇电机出现短路、断路时，热继电器动作电机退出。
　　When the fan motor is in short -circuited or open- circuited condition, the thermal relay will activate and motor then stop.
　　控制箱内装有一个温度控制器，以备天气寒冷或天气潮湿用，由一个温度继电器控制。当柜内温度高于20℃时,电阻R1退出工作，当柜内温度低于15℃时，电阻R1进入工作状态。
　　A temperature controller is installed in the control box for use when it is cold or humid and is controlled by a temperature relay. When the temperature in the cabinet is higher than 20℃, the resistance R1 exits from working; when the temperature in the cabinet is lower than 15℃, the resistance R1 comes into working state.
　　3.1.6.4 励磁变运行维护
　　3.1.6.4 Operation and maintenance of excitation transformer
　　励磁变为单相干式变压器组，发电机并网前应将其冷却装置投入运行。
　　The excitation transformer is the single-phase dry-type transformer group and its cooling device should be put into operation before the synchronization of the generator.
　　3.1.6.5 发电组附属设备的运行维护（微正压装置）
　　3.1.6.5 Operation and maintenance of the attached equipment of generator group (marginal positive pressure apparatus)
　　3.1.7 发-变组的停止
　　3.1.7 Shutdown of generator-transformer unit
　　3.1.7.1 发电机正常方式停机
　　3.1.7.1 Generator Shutdown In Normal Mode
　　发电机解列前，应检查主变中性点接地良好。
　　Before the de-synchronization of the generator, inspect and make sure that the earthing of the neutral point of the main transformer is good.
　　发电机正常解列前，有功负荷降至100MW时，应将6KV厂用电从高厂变切换至#1、#2起备变运行；
　　Before the normal de-synchronization of the generator, when the active load decreases to 100MW, the 6KV auxiliary power should be switched from HV auxiliary transformer to #1 and #2 startup standby transformer for operation.
　　投入发电机启停机保护压板；
　　Put the link plate of startup and shutdown protection for the generator into use.
　　发电机解列前应将机组有功减到零，调节无功到零，在有功负荷降至0时，汽机打闸，待程序逆功率动作发电机解列或手动解列发电机；
　　Before the de-synchronization of the generator, reduce the active power of the unit to zero and adjust the reactive power to zero. When the active load reduces to 0, the turbine trips; de-synchronize the generator when the program reverse power works or manually de-synchronize the generator.
　　待解列后，检查主变高压母线侧断路器、中间侧断路器均断开，同时灭磁开关跳开，发电机定子电压、励磁电压、励磁电流下降至零。
　　After de-synchronization, inspect and make sure that the circuit breaker at the side of the HV bus of the main transformer and the circuit breaker at the intermediate side are opened, meanwhile, the field discharge switch trips and the stator voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator decrease to zero.
　　发电机解列后应对定子冷却水系统进行发冲洗，然后停止内冷水系统运行。
　　After the de-synchronization of the generator, the stator cooling system should be flushed and then the inner cooling water system should be stopped from operation.
　　3.1.7.2 发-变组紧急故障停机
　　3.1.7.2 Emergency shutdown of generator-transformer unit
　　3.1.7.2.1 发-变组出现下列情况之一时，应紧急故障停机：
　　3.1.7.2.1 When the generator-transformer unit has one of the following conditions, emergency fault shutdown should be done:
　　发生直接威胁人身安全的危急情况或需要紧急停机的人身事故。
　　The emergency that directly endangers personal safety or the personal injury that requires emergency shutdown happens.
　　汽机要求紧急停机，且有主汽门关闭或逆功率信号，确认负荷到零。
　　The turbine requires emergency shutdown and there is the main steam valve close signal or reverse power signal; confirm the load is at zero.
　　发电机组剧烈振动。
　　The generator group vibrates violently.
　　发电机组内有摩擦撞击声。
　　There is friction and impact sound inside the generator group.
　　发电机、励磁集电环冒烟、着火。
　　The generator and excitation collector ring smoke and are on fire.
　　发电机、主变、厂高变内部故障，保护或开关拒动。
　　The internal parts of the generator, main transformer and HV auxiliary transformer are in fault and the protection or switch refuse to work.
　　发-变组因故无保护运行（直流系统瞬时选接地或直流保险熔断、接触不良等经处理能立即恢复正常者除外）。
　　The generator-transformer unit operates without protection due to some reasons (the conditions which can recover to normal states after treatment are not included, like the DC system selects earthing instantaneously or DC fuse is off and the contact is bad).
　　发电机大量漏水、漏氢或漏水不大但伴有静、转子接地现象。
　　The generator leaks a large amount of water and hydrogen or the water leakage is not large but the stator and rotor earthing phenomena appear.
　　发电机定子冷却水断水30S而保护未动作。
　　The cooling water of the generator stator has been out of supply for 30S but the protection does not work.
　　密封油系统故障，无法维持正常运行。
　　The sealing oil system is in fault and can not keep normal operation.
　　主变套管爆炸和破裂，大量漏油，油面突然下降。
　　The bushing of the main transformer explodes and cracks and thus leaks a large amount of oil, which causes the oil surface suddenly to decrease.
　　主变套管端头过热熔化。
　　The end of the main transformer bushing is overheated and thus fuses.
　　主变或厂高变冒烟、着火。
　　The main transformer or the HV auxiliary transformer smokes and is on fire.
　　主变压器油箱破裂。
　　The main transformer oil tank is cracked.
　　主变压器漏油，油面下降到瓦斯继电器以下。
　　The main transformer leaks oil and the oil surface decreases to the position below the gas relay.
　　主变或厂高变防爆薄膜、释压阀破裂，且向外喷油、冒烟。
　　The explosion-proof membrane and the pressure relief valve of the main transformer or the HV auxiliary membrane are cracked and spray oil to the outside and smoke.
　　变压器有异音，且有不均匀的爆炸声。
　　The transformer has abnormal sound and uneven explosion sound.
　　发-变组或厂高变保护拒动。
　　The generator-transformer or the HV auxiliary transformer protection refuses to work.
　　3.1.7.2.2 发电机出现下列现象，应请示总工程师停机
　　3.1.7.2.2 When the following phenomena occur, ask the chief engineer for decision to shut down.
　　发电机铁芯过热超过允许值，调整无效时。
　　The iron core of the generator is overheated, exceeds the allowable value and is ineffective after adjustment.
　　发电机漏氢，氢压无法维持时。
　　The generator leaks hydrogen and the hydrogen pressure can not be kept.
　　发电机氢冷系统故障，冷氢温度超过55℃，热氢温度超过60℃，经采取措施无效。
　　The hydrogen cooling system of the generator is in fault, so the temperature of cooling hydrogen exceeds 55℃, the temperature of hot hydrogen exceeds 60℃ and it is ineffective when measures are taken.
　　发电机密封油系统漏油严重，无法维持运行时。
　　The sealing oil system of the generator seriously leaks oil and can not keep operation.
　　发电机定子漏水，机壳内积水多时，应在10分钟内停机。
　　When the generator stator leaks water and there is a lot of the accumulated water in the generator shell, the generator should be shut down within 10 minutes.
　　转子匝间短路严重，转子电流达到额定值时，功率因数仍为0.95以上。
　　When the turn-to-turn short circuit of the rotor is serious and the rotor current gets to the rated value, the power factor is still above 0.95.
　　发电机组保护以外其它故障，发电机无法运行时。
　　The generator can not operates due to other faults beyond the generator protection.
　　发电机、主变压器、厂高变主保护因故需要退出运行时。
　　The main protections of the generator, main transformer and HV auxiliary transformer need to exit from operation due to some reasons.
　　主变或厂高变轻瓦斯保护动作，经油、气分析不合格时。
　　The light gas protection of the main transformer or the HV auxiliary transformer works and the oil and gas are unqualified by analysis.
　　3.1.7.2.3 发-变组紧急故障停运步骤：
　　3.1.7.2.3 Emergency shutdown procedure of generator-transformer unit:
　　汽轮机打闸，炉MFT。
　　Put the turbine into emergency trip condition and the boiler in MFT condition.
　　检查主变150KV母线侧、中间侧断路器均已经断开，否则手动拉开；
　　Inspect and make sure that the circuit breakers at the side of 150KV bus and the intermediate side of the main transformer are opened, or manually open it.
　　检查发电机灭磁开关断开；
　　Check if generator field discharge switch opened or not..
　　检查厂用电源切换正常，若不正常，应立即手动投入常用备用电源。
　　Inspect and make sure that the switchover of the auxiliary power is normal; if it is abnormal, common backup power should be manually put into operation immediately.
　　3.1.7.3 发-变组停运后的操作
　　3.1.7.3 How To Operate After Shutting Down Generator-Transformer
　　断开励磁整流柜内冷却风扇电源开关；
　　Turn off the power switch for the cooling fan inside the excitation rectifier panel.
　　断开励磁系统的220V起励电源开关、380V交流辅助电源开关及110V直流电源开关；
　　Turn off the 220V initial power circuit breaker of the excitation system, 380V AC auxiliary power circuit breaker and 110V DC power circuit breaker.
　　退出发电机联跳其他设备保护压板，投入发-变组误上电保护；
　　Stop the protection link plates of the other interactive equipment of the generator, and put the wrongly energized protection of the generator-transformer unit into use.
　　断开发电机主开关、灭磁开关的操作合闸回路；
　　Disconnect the operation closing loop of the main circuit breaker and field discharge switch of the generator.
　　将厂高变6kV工作开关拉至试验位置；
　　Put the 6kV working circuit breaker of the HV auxiliary transformer in test position.
　　根据调度命令主变150KV母线侧断路器、中间侧断路器撤运至检修或冷备用状态；
　　According to the dispatch command, the circuit breaker at the 150KV bus side and the circuit breaker at the intermediate side of the main transformer are put into maintenance or cold standby state.
　　停用主变、高厂变冷却系统，保持封闭母线微正压装置运行；
　　Stop the cooling systems of the main transformer and HV auxiliary transformer and keep the micro-positive pressure equipment of the enclosed bus operating.
　　短期停机，密封油冷却器出口油温应控制在27℃～52℃，采取排污补氢的方法控制氢气露点温度在0℃；
　　For short-time shutdown, the oil temperature at the outlet of the sealing oil cooler should be controlled within 27℃～52℃ and the dew point temperature of hydrogen be controlled at 0℃ by adopting the method of blowdown and hydrogen makeup.
　　停机超过一周时，应拔下发电机全部碳刷，对刷架、碳刷进行吹扫清理；
　　When the shutdown is more than one week, all carbon brushes of the generator should be taken down, and then the brush rack and carbon brushes should be purged and cleaned.
　　当发电机运行超过2个月，如遇停机机会，应对定子绕组进行反冲洗，以确保水回路的畅通，然后恢复到正常运行状态。
　　When the generator has operating for more than 2 months, if there is a shutdown chance, the stator winding should be backwashed to ensure the water loop is unblocked, and then recover to the normal operating state.
　　发电机备用期间每天白班对发电机转子测绝缘一次，检查氢油水系统正常，油氢分离器液位正常。
　　During standby time of the generator, measure the insulation of the generator rotor once in day shift; inspect and make sure that the hydrogen, oil and water systems are normal and the level in the oil and hydrogen separator is normal.
　　3.1.7.4 发-变组停运后的试验与检查项目
　　3.1.7.4 Test and inspection items after shutdown of generator-transformer
　　在发电机解列操作完毕后，应进行发电机定、转子回路，副励定子绕组回路，交流励磁机转子回路的绝缘测试，并将测定值记入电机绝缘记录台帐中，同上次测量结果比较，如差别较大，通知检修查明原因并消除。
　　After the de-synchronization operation of generator is over, the insulation measurement should be done for the stator and rotor loops, the stator winding loop of pilot exciter, the rotor loop of AC exciter of the generator and the measured values should be recorded in the motor insulation record log book. Compare the measurement results with the last ones, if the difference is big, contact the maintenance staff to find out the cause and eliminate it.
　　检查发电机励磁回路各开关、刀闸、风机、压敏电阻应正常，保险良好，若有熔断，应及时更换。
　　Inspect and make sure all circuit breakers, disconnectors, fans, and varistor of the generator excitation loop are normal, and the fuse is good. If the fuse is burnt out, it should be changed in time.
　　检查集电环、电刷、弹簧、轴电刷正常，否则应将其更换。
　　Inspect and make sure that the collector ring, electric brush, spring and shaft electric brush are normal, or replace them.
　　检查发电机—变压器组有关开关、刀闸、封闭母线及引线，各电压互感器、高压厂用变工作电源开关应正常、完好无损。
　　Inspect and make sure the relevant circuit breakers, disconnectors, enclosed buses and leads of the generator-transformer unit, the working power supply switches of all potential transformers and HV auxiliary transformers are normal, good and not damaged.
　　检查仪表、保护及控制、信号及自动调节装置正常。
　　Inspect and make sure that the instruments, protection and control, signal and automatic regulating devices are normal.
　　检查发电机无进油、进水的可能，否则及时通知检修处理。
　　Inspect whether it is possible for oil and water not to enter the generator, or contact the maintenance staff to treat it in time.
　　3.1.8 发-变组异常运行及事故处理
　　3.1.8 Abnormal operation and emergency treatment for generator -transformer
　　3.1.8.1 发电机状态：
　　3.1.8.1 Generator state:
　　3.1.8.1.1 发电机运行状态：指发-变组150KV母线侧断路器（中间侧断路器）在合闸状态、灭磁开关在合，并输出有功、无功负荷时的状态。
　　3.1.8.1.1 Operation state of the generator: means that the circuit breaker at the 150KVbus side of the generator-transformer unit (the circuit breaker at the intermediate side) is in closing state, and the field discharge switch is in the closing state when outputting active and reactive load.
　　3.1.8.1.2 发电机空载状态：指发-变组150KV母线侧断路器与中间侧断路器均在断开状态，灭磁开关在合，定子电压为额定电压的状态。
　　3.1.8.1.2 No-load state of generator: means both the circuit breaker at the 150KV bus side and the circuit breaker at the intermediate side of the generator-transformer unit are in open state, and the field discharge switch is in the closing state when the stator voltage is the rated voltage.
　　3.1.8.1.3 发电机解列状态：指发电机解列后四小时内需要重新并列时的状态，该状态下发-变组150KV母线侧断路器与中间侧断路器均在断开状态，灭磁开关在断开状态。
　　3.1.8.3 De-synchronization state of generator: means the state that the generator needs to be synchronized again within four hours after de-synchronization, in which both the circuit breaker at the 150KV bus side and the circuit breaker at the intermediate side of the generator-transformer unit are in open state and the field discharge switch is in the open state.
　　3.1.8.1.4 发电机解列撤出备用状态：指发电机回路无任何检修工作、正常备用时的状态，该状态下主变150侧刀闸断开状态（150KV串有可能合环状态）、灭磁开关断开，发-变组出口刀闸断开。
　　3.1.8.1.4 Generator de-synchronization and de-activation from standby state: refers to the state that there is no maintenance work on the generator loop and it is in normal standby; in this state, the disconnector at the 150 side of the main transformer is opened( 150KV bunch might be in the loop state), the field discharge switch is off and the disconnector at the outlet of the generator-transformer unit is disconnected.
　　3.1.8.1.5 发电机检修状态：指发电机回路有检修工作时的状态，该状态指发-变组回路所有开关均断开，保险取下，并有安全措施。
　　3.1.8.1.5 Maintenance state of generator: means the state when the maintenance work is done on the generator loop, which shows that all switches of the generator-transformer unit loop are off, the fuse is taken down and there are safety measures.
　　3.1.8.2 电气系统事故处理的一般原则
　　3.1.8.2 General rules for emergency electrical system treatment
　　3.1.8.2.1 电气系统正常运行时，值班人员应根据当前的运行方式、设备健康状况、运行参数的变化趋势以及气候条件等，作好相应的事故预想。
　　3.1.8.2.1 When the electric system is in normal operation, the shift operator should make relevant emergency anticipations according to the present operation mode, equipment conditions, the change trend of operation parameters and climate condition.
　　3.1.8.2.2 电气系统发生事故时，运行人员应做到：
　　3.1.8.2.2 If there exist fault(s) with the electrical system, the operators should do the following work:
　　1）根据有关参数指示、画面报警、保护动作情况及其他异常情况，正确分析判断事故原因、性质、地点，迅速处理，防止事故扩大；
　　1) Correctly analyze and judge fault causes, characteristics, locations, and take action promptly so as to , properties and site and treat it immediately to prevent it becoming more seriously according to the relevant parameter indications, display alarms, protection action conditions and other abnormal conditions.
　　2）发生事故时，一定要确保厂用电的连续运行，特别是机组保安电源系统、直流系统及UPS的安全运行；
　　2) When the emergency happens, the operator must ensure the continuous operation of the auxiliary power, especially the safe operation of unit security power supply system, DC system and UPS system.
　　3）电气设备着火时，首先应切断电源，然后用干粉灭火器或1211灭火器灭火，严禁使用泡沫灭火器灭火。
　　3) When the electric equipment is on fire, the operator should cut off power supply at first, and then extinguish fire by using powder fire extinguisher or 1211 fire extinguisher. It is forbidden to use foam fire extinguisher.
　　4）发电机达到紧停条件时不必请示，立即按下发电机紧停按钮进行紧停，但紧停后应及时汇报值长；
　　4) When the generator meets the emergency shutdown conditions, the operator does not need to request instructions but should press the generator emergency shutdown button to shut down the generator emergently and report it to the shift leader in time after emergency shutdown.
　　3.1.8.3 发电机过负荷规定
　　3.1.8.3 Regulations on generator overload
　　3.1.8.3.1 在事故情况下，允许发电机的定子线圈在短时内过负荷运行，同时也允许转子绕组有相应的过负荷，此时发电机各部温度不得超过规定值，且每年不超过2次。发电机定子电流过负荷允许值按照下表执行：
　　3.1.8.3.1l In emergency conditions, the stator winding of the generator is allowed to be in overload operation in a short time and the rotor winding is allowed to have the corresponding overload at the same time. At this time, the temperature of each part of the generator should not exceed the set point more than twice a year. The allowable value of overload of the generator stator current is carried out according to the following table:
　　定子电流过负荷倍数
　　Overload multiple of stator current 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.3 1.5
　　允许时间(分)
　　Allowable time (min.) 60 15 6 4 2
　　3.1.8.3.2 当发电机电压、电流超过正常值时，值班人员应首先检查发电机的功率因数和电压，用减少励磁电流的方法降低定子电流到最大允许值，但不得使功率因数过高或电压过低。
　　3.1.8.3.2 When the voltage and current of the generator exceed the normal values, the shift operator should check the power factor and voltage of the generator at first and decrease the stator current to the maximum allowable value b y using the method of decreasing the excitation current but should not make the power factor too high or make the voltage too low.
　　3.1.8.3.3 如果减少励磁电流仍然不能使定子电流降到允许值则必须降低发电机有功功率。
　　3.1.8.3.3 If the stator current still can not be reduced to the allowable value by lowering the excitation current, then the active power of the generator must be decreased.
　　3.1.8.3.4 发电机三相不平衡电流超过规定值10%
　　3.1.8.3.4 The three-phase unbalanced current of the generator exceeds 10% of the set point.
　　如果发电机运行中三相不平衡电流超过规定值10%，应首先检查是否由于表计或仪表互感器回路故障引起，若不是表计或回路问题，则应降低定子电流，使其不超过规定值（10%），同时应严格监视发电机各部温度，当发电机温度异常升高，三相不平衡电流增大时，应紧急解列停机。
　　If the three-phase unbalanced current exceeds 10% of the set point in the generator operation, the inspection for finding out whether it is caused by the meter or the loop fault of instrument transformer or not should be done at first; if it is not due to meter or the loop, the stator current should be decreased to make the current value not exceed the set point (10%), meanwhile, the temperature of each part of the generator should be strictly monitored. When the temperature of the generator abnormally rises highly and the three-phase unbalance current increases, the generator should be de-synchronized and shut down emergently.
　　如因系统故障引起，在降低负荷的同时，汇报值长进行处理。
　　If it is caused by system fault, report it to the shift leader for treatment when decreasing the load at the same time.
　　3.1.8.4 发电机振动超过允许值
　　3.1.8.4 The vibration of the generator exceeds the allowable value.
　　见《汽轮机运行手册》关于机组振动大部分。
　　See the part about strong vibration of the unit in Operational Manual of Steam Turbine.
　　3.1.8.5 发电机温度异常
　　3.1.8.5 The temperature of the generator is abnormal.
　　3.1.8.5.1 发电机运行中氢温超过允许值，应进行下列检查处理：]
　　3.1.8.5.1 During the operation of the generator, if the hydrogen temperature exceeds the allowable value, the following inspections and treatments should be done:
　　1) 检查发电机氢气冷却系统流量、压力、温度是否正常，并进行必要的调整。
　　1) Inspect whether the flow, pressure and temperature of the hydrogen cooling system of the generator is normal and make necessary adjustments.
　　2) 联系热工仪表人员核对温度表指示是否正确。
　　2) Contact the I&C staff to check whether the indication of the thermometer is correct.
　　3) 检查发电机负荷及不平衡电流是否超过规定值。
　　3) Inspect whether the load and unbalance current of the generator exceeds the set points.
　　4) 在不影响出力和系统电压的情况下，降低超温机组有功及无功负荷。
　　4) In the condition that the output and system voltage are not influenced, decrease the active and reactive loads of the over-temperature unit.
　　5) 当发电机冷氢温超过46℃时，应按以下原则处理：冷氢温度每升高1℃，定子电流应降低2%，但冷氢温度超过50℃时，不允许发电机运行，应请示值长停机处理。
　　5) When the temperature of c old hydrogen of the generator exceeds 46℃, it should be treated according to the following principle: when the temperature of cold hydrogen rises every 1℃, the stator current should decrease 2%; however, when the temperature of cold hydrogen exceeds 50℃, the generator is not allowed to operate and instructions should be requested from the shift leader for shutdown treatment.
　　3.1.8.5.2 发电机定子冷却水进水温度高于50℃时，应进行下列检查处理：
　　3.1.8.5.2 When the inlet water temperature of the cooling water of the generator stator is higher than 50℃, the following inspections and treatments should be done:
　　1) 检查发电机冷却系统流量、压力、温度是否正常，并进行必要的调整。
　　1) Inspect whether the flow, pressure and temperature of the cooling system of the generator are normal and make necessary adjustments.
　　2) 检查出水温度以及发电机定子、线圈、铁芯各部温度未超过规定值时，可以不降低发电机出力。
　　2) When inspecting and making sure that the outlet water temperature and the temperature of each part of the generator stator, winding and iron core do not exceed the set points, the output of the generator can be chosen not to be decreased.
　　3) 当出水温度以及线圈、铁芯温度超过规定值时，应经值长同意降低发电机出力。
　　3) When the outlet water temperature and winding and iron core temperatures exceed the set points, the agreement should be got from the shift leader to decrease the output of the generator.
　　4) 若降低出力，温度没有明显变化时，申请停机处理。
　　4) If decreasing the output and when the temperature does not have a obvious change, apply for shutdown treatment.
　　3.1.8.5.3 发电机线圈某点温度异常升高时，应进行如下处理：
　　3.1.8.5.3 When the temperature of some point of the generator coil abnormally rises highly, the following treatment should be done:
　　1) 查询冷却系统是否正常，冷却条件有无变化。
　　1) Check whether the cooling system is normal and whether the cooling conditions change or not.
　　2)通知热工检查测点装置是否正常，仪表显示是否正确。
　　2) Contact the I&C staff to check whether the measurement point devices are normal and whether the instrument displays are correct.
　　3) 加强对发电机运行监视，若温度超过规定值时，应经值长同意降低发电机出力，使温度降到允许值范围内。
　　3) Keep an eye on the monitoring to generator operation; if the temperature exceeds the set point, the output of the generator can be decreased to decrease the temperature to the allowable value range by getting agreement from the shift leader.
　　4) 若降低定子电流，温度随着降低时，则可能是定子线圈某通水支路有阻塞，可适当提高定子进水压力进行冲洗，并严格监视该线圈温度变化。
　　4) If the temperature decreases as stator current is decreased, some water branch of the stator winding might be blocked. Thus, the pressure of the inlet water of the stator can be increased properly for flushing, and strictly monitor the temperature change of this coil.
　　5) 发电机定子绕组温度最高与最低温度差达8℃或定子绕组出水温度差达8℃时，应查明原因并加强监视。此时可降低负荷。一旦定子绕组温差达14℃或定子绕组出水温差达12℃，确认测温元件无误后，应立即停机。
　　5) When the temperature difference between the maximum and the minimum of the generator stator winding gets to 8℃ or the temperature difference of the outlet water of the stator winding gets to 8℃, fine out the cause and strengthen monitoring. At this time, the load can be decreased. Once the temperature difference of the stator winding gets to 14℃ or the outlet water temperature difference of the stator winding gets to 12℃, the unit should be shut down immediately after confirming there is nothing wrong with the measurement elements.
　　3.1.8.5.4发电机定子铁芯某点温度异常升高时，应进行如下处理：
　　3.1.8.5.4 When the temperature of some point of the generator stator iron core abnormally rises highly, the following treatment should be done:
　　若发电机进出水温差明显增加时，应通知热工检查测温装置是否正常，显示是否正确。
　　If the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the generator increases apparently, contact I&C staff to check whether the temperature measurement device is normal and whether the display is correct.
　　检查氢气冷却器冷却水量、压力、温度是否正常，必要时可适当提高冷却水压力和流量。
　　Inspect whether the amount, pressure and temperature of the cooling water of the hydrogen cooler are normal; properly improve the pressure and flow of cooling water if necessary.
　　检查发电机本体和通风系统有无焦臭。
　　Inspect whether there is empyreumatic odor in the generator proper and ventilation system.
　　检测定子线圈各点温度有无明显变化。
　　Detect whether the temperature of each point of the stator winding has any obvious change.
　　若测温装置正常，显示准确，铁芯温度超过允许值时，应降低发电机出力，温度没有明显变化时，应申请停机处理。
　　If the temperature measurement device is normal, its display is accurate and the temperature of the iron core exceeds the allowable value, the output of the generator should be decreased. When the temperature does not have obvious change, apply for shutdown treatment.
　　检查发电机氢压、氢冷却器进水温度是否正常。
　　Inspect whether the hydrogen pressure of the generator and the inlet water temperature of the hydrogen cooler are normal.
　　3.1.8.6 冷却水导电率增大
　　3.1.8.6 The conductivity of the cooling water increases.
　　发电机运行中冷却水导电率突然增大，应进行下列检查和处理：
　　If the conductivity of cooling water in the generator operation suddenly increases, the following inspections and treatments should be done:
　　3.1.8.6.1检查定子接地保护，另序电压表是否有指示，做好跳闸处理准备。
　　3.1.8.6.1Inspect the stator earthing protection and whether the zero sequence voltage meter has an indication, and get ready for tripping treatment.
　　3.1.8.6.2 检查定子水冷却器是否漏水，若漏水引起，应停用并隔离。
　　3.1.8.6.2 Inspect whether the water cooler of the stator leaks water; if there is water leakage, the cooler should be stopped and isolated.
　　3.1.8.6.3 通知化学化验水质以确定仪表指示是否正确。
　　3.1.8.6.3 Inform the chemical staff analyzing the water quality to confirm whether the indication of the instrument is correct.
　　3.1.8.6.4 若引起定子接地保护动作跳闸，待水质化验合格后，恢复并网。
　　3.1.8.6.4 If the stator earthing protection is caused to work and trip, recover the synchronization after the water quality is qualified by analysis.
　　3.1.8.7 发电机漏水处理
　　3.1.8.7 Actions to be taken for water leakage of generator
　　3.1.8.7.1 若漏水不严重，有渗水或滴水现象，可适当降低进水压力（不得低于0.2MPa）和机组出力；若降低水压后有消失趋势，可以加强监视，汇报值长，申请停机处理；若降低水压后仍有滴水现象，应立即解列停机。
　　3.1.8.7.1 If the water leakage is not serious and water penetration or water dropping phenomenon appears, the inlet water pressure (not less than 0.2MPa) and the unit rating can be properly decreased; if the phenomenon is in a disappearing trend after decreasing the water pressure, strengthen monitoring, report it to the shift leader and apply for shutdown treatment; if the water dropping phenomenon still exists after decreasing the water pressure, the generator should be de-synchronized and shut down immediately.
　　3.1.8.7.2 若定子线圈大量漏水，应立即停机。
　　3.1.8.7.2 If the stator winding leaks a large amount of water, the generator should be shut down immediately.
　　3.1.8.7.3 若定子线圈漏水，同时伴有定子接地时，应立即停机。
　　3.1.8.7.3 If the stator winding leaks water, accompanying stator earthing, the generator should be shut down immediately.
　　3.1.8.8 发电机逆功率运行
　　3.1.8.8 Reverse power operation of generator
　　3.1.8.8.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.8.1 Phenomena:
　　有功功率指示降低或为负值；
　　The active power indication value decreases or is negative value.
　　无功表指示升高；
　　The indication value of kilovar instrument increases.
　　定子电流降低；
　　The stator current decreases.
　　有主汽门关闭信号；
　　There is a main steam valve closing signal.
　　发电机频率有所降低。
　　The generator frequency has a decrease.
　　3.1.8.8.2 原因：
　　3.1.8.8.2 Cause:
　　汽轮机主汽门关闭，而逆功率保护未动作。
　　The main steam valve of steam turbine is closed, but the reverse power protection does not work.
　　3.1.8.8.3 处理：
　　3.1.8.8.3 Treatment:
　　紧急手动切换厂用电至起备变带；
　　Emergently and manually switch the auxiliary power to startup standby transformer.
　　手动解列发电机；
　　Manually de-synchronize the generator.
　　断开灭磁开关。
　　Switch off the field discharge switch.
　　3.1.8.9 发电机定子单相接地
　　3.1.8.9 The generator stators single-phase grounded fault.
　　3.1.8.9.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.9.1 Phenomena:
　　发电机“定子接地”信号灯亮；
　　The signal light “stator earthing” of the generator turns on.
　　发电机中性点电流表有指示。
　　The ampere meter of the neutral point of the generator has an indication.
　　3.1.8.9.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.9.2 Treatment:
　　检查发-变组保护，若为基波零序保护动作，开关未动作，则按紧急停机处理，若为三次谐波工作，则按下面规定执行：
　　Inspect the protection of the generator-transformer. If the zero sequence fundamental protection starts and the circuit breaker have no response, treat it as emergency shutdown; if it is third harmonic work, it will be carried out the following regulations:
　　经查证确认发电机系统接地，当接地电压小于接地保护整定值时，应汇报调度，作好停机准备；
　　After check and confirm the generator system is earthing, when the earthing voltage is less than the set point of the earthing protection, report it to the dispatch staff and get ready for shutdown.
　　对封闭母线及发电机电压互感器、电流互感器进行外观检查是否有接地、漏水现象，检查时应严格执行《安规》；
　　Check the enclosed bus and the outlooks of the potential transformer and current transformer of the generator to see whether there are earthing and water leakage phenomena; strictly implement Safety code while checking.
　　若外部未发现故障点，应视为发电机定子线圈接地，汇报值长，申请调度停机处理。接地时间不得超过30分钟；
　　If no fault point is found in the external part, it should be considered as the stator winding of the generator is earthing, report it to the shift leader and apply for shutdown treatment from the dispatch staff. The earthing time should not exceed 30 minutes.
　　停机后测定发电机定子回路有无异常，如无异常，汇报值长，经总工批准后，对发电机零起升压，并检查保护是否正常。
　　Measure whether the stator loop of the generator has abnormities after shutdown; if there is no abnormity, report it the shift leader. Step up the generator from zero and check whether the protection is normal.
　　3.1.8.10 发电机转子接地
　　3.1.8.10 Generator rotor grounding
　　3.1.8.10.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.10.1 Phenomenon
　　发电机“转子一点接地”信号灯亮；
　　The “rotor one-point grounded” signal light of generator is on.
　　检查转子“+对地”、“-对地”电压均有指示。
　　Check whether there is indication on “plus terminal to ground” and “minus terminal to ground” voltage of rotor.
　　3.1.8.10.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.10.2 Solutions:
　　经检查转子对地电压，判断接地位置，然后对发电机转子回路进行详细检查，排除励磁回路共厢母线、灭磁开关、直流刀闸、碳刷等位置接地；
　　After checked the to ground voltage of rotor, judged the grounding position, and then examined in every detail of rotor circuit of generator, the common enclosure buses for excitation circuit, the excitation CB, the DC disconnector and the brush to ground were excluded.
　　如果经检查 判断 是转子线圈稳定一点接地，应及时投入“转子两点接地”保护。
　　After checked, if the rotor coil is grounded via one point, the “rotor two-point grounding” protection should be put into operation.
　　汇报值长，请示总工程师决定继续运行或停机 消除。
　　Report to shift leader, and ask the decision of chief engineer to continue operation or shut down the unit and eliminate the fault.
　　3.1.8.11 发电机电压互感器故障
　　3.1.8.11 Generator PT Failures
　　3.1.8.11.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.11.1 Phenomenon:
　　 “TV11电压断线”、“TV12电压断线”或“TV13电压断线”信号发出；
　　Send the signals of “TV11 wire break”,”TV12 wire break” or “TV13 wire break”.
　　发电机有功、无功表指示降低，发电机频率表指示失灵，定子电压表指示到零或降低，定子电流指示正常，“发电机强励信号”出现；判断为TV11二次电压消失；
　　The phenomenon listed as follows like the values of active and reactive power meters of generator drop, the indication of generator frequency meter fails, the value of voltage meter of stator drop to zero or even lower, the indication of stator current runs well, the signal of “forced excitation of generator” shows up, will all be judged as the loss of secondary voltage of TV11.
　　发电机各表计发生摆动；“发电机强励信号”出现；判断为TV12二次电压消失；
　　When all the indications of generator meters fluctuate, and the signal of “forced excitation of generator” shows up, it is judged as the loss of secondary voltage of TV12.
　　发电机各个表计指示正常；判断为TV13二次电压消失。
　　If the indications of all the generator meters run normally, it is judged as the loss of secondary voltage of TV13.
　　3.1. 8.11.2 处理：
　　3.1. 8.11.2 Solutions:
　　立即汇报值长；
　　Report to the shift leader immediately;
　　如果是TV11二次电压消失，按照定子电流（有功）和转子电流（无功）以及蒸汽流量带负荷，维持发电机稳态运行。应将Ⅰ套调节器退出，退出发电机匝间保护。检查TV11一二次回路，测量绝缘正常，更换熔断器，重新加运。恢复Ⅰ套调节器及发电机匝间保护。
　　If the secondary voltage of TV11 is lost, maintain the stable operation of generator in accordance to the stator current (active power) and rotor current (reactive power) as well as the steam flow with load. Deactivate the Ⅰ regulator and turn to turn protection of generator. Check the primary and secondary circuits of TV11 and measure the insulation to judge it is normal or not. Then replace the fuse and re-put it into operation. Recover the Ⅰregulator and turn to turn protection of generator.
　　如果是TV12二次电压消失，应将Ⅱ套调节器退出，对发电机定子、转子电流、电压加强监视；检查TV12一二次回路，测量绝缘正常，更换熔断器，重新加运。恢复Ⅱ套调节器。
　　If the secondary voltage of TV12 is lost, deactivate the Ⅱ regulator, and strengthen the monitoring of the stator, rotor current and voltage of generator. Check the primary and secondary circuits of TV12 and measure the insulation to judge it is normal or not. Then replace the fuse and re-put it into operation. Recover the Ⅱregulator.
　　如果是TV13二次电压消失，应停用发电机失磁、阻抗、逆功率、程序逆功率、定子接地、转子一点接地及过激磁保护；检查TV13一二次回路，测量绝缘正常，更换熔断器，重新加运。恢复停运保护。
　　If the secondary voltage of TV13 is lost, stop the actions like generator loss-of-excitation, resistance, reverse power, reverse power of procedure, stator to ground, rotor one-point to ground and over excitation protection. Check the primary and secondary circuits of TV13, measure the insulation to judge whether it is normal, replace the fuse, and re-put it into operation. Recover the inaction into operation condition.
　　若更换后再次熔断，申请停机处理。
　　After replaced, if the fuse is blown, shutting down treatment should be applied.
　　3.1.8.12 发电机仪表失常
　　3.1.8.12 Abnormity of generator instruments.
　　3.1.8.12.1 有功表指示失常，可根据定子电流表、电压表、无功负荷表和主汽流量等综合判断，是表计问题还是变送器或者PT、CT出了问题。可以参考上述表计间接监视发电机负荷，并监视汽轮机进汽量，尽快查找原因，通知检修处理。
　　3.1.8.12.1 If the indication of active power meter is abnormal, we can see if the problems came from the meters, transmitter or PT and CT, in accordance to the stator ammeter, voltmeter, reactive load meter and main steam flow.
　　3.1.8.12.2 发电机转子电压表指示异常，可以根据转子电流表监视发电机无功负荷；并检查电压表保险是否正常，转子电流表异常，可以根据转子电压监视发电机无功负荷。
　　3.1.8.12.2 If the voltmeter indication of generator rotor is abnormal, monitor the reactive power load of generator in accordance to the ammeter of rotor. Check whether the fuse for voltmeter and ammeter of rotor run well. We can monitor the reactive power load of generator based on the rotor voltage.
　　3.1.8.12.3 发电机PT二次回路故障，发电机定子电压、有功、无功、周波表计指示失常，可以监视定子电流，转子电流均不得超限。并监视汽轮机进汽量，尽快查找原因，并通知检修处理。
　　3.1.8.12.3 If some faults occur on the secondary circuit of generator PT, and indications of meters for voltage of generator stator, active power, reactive power and frequency are abnormal, we can monitor the stator current. Besides, the stator current cannot exceed the limit. At the mean time, monitor the inlet steam amount of turbine to find out the cause and notify the maintenance personnel to deal with.
　　3.1.8.12.4 发电机仪用CT二次回路故障或开路，发电机定子电流、有功、无功表计指示失常，可以监视正常相电流表和定子电压表及转子电压、电流不超限，通知检修处理。
　　3.1.8.12.4 If generator instrumental CTs experience a failure or open circuited in secondary circuit, and ammeter, active power meter and the reactive power meter for generator stator shows abnormally, we can monitor the ammeter of normal phase and stator voltmeter, also keep the voltage and current of rotor in limitation. Then, notify the maintenance personnel to deal with.
　　
　　3.1.8.13 发电机升不起电压的处理原则
　　3.1.8.13 Criteria For Dealing With Failure To Step Generator Voltage Up
　　3.1.8.13.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.13.1 Phenomenon:
　　定子电压表无指示或指示很低；
　　There is no indication or low indication on voltmeter of stator.
　　转子电压表有指示，而电流表无指示；
　　There is indication on voltmeter of rotor, but no indication on ammeter.
　　转子电流表有指示，而电压表无指示，或指示很低；
　　There is some indication on ammeter of rotor, but no indication or low indication on voltmeter.
　　转子电压、电流表无指示。
　　There is no indication on both voltmeter and ammeter of rotor.
　　3.1.8.13.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.13.2 Solutions:
　　发现发电机升不起电压应立即停止升压操作；
　　Stop step-up operation immediately when found that the generator cannot step up the voltage.
　　检查变送器电压是否正常；
　　Check whether the voltage of transmitter is normal.
　　检查电压互感器是否正常，一次抽头是否接触良好，二次小开关（熔断器）是否正常；
　　Check whether the PT , the primary side tap and the secondary switch (fuse) are normal.
　　检查转子回路是否开路，电压表计回路是否正常；
　　Check whether the rotor circuit is open circuit, and the circuit of voltmeter is normal.
　　检查碳刷接触是否良好；
　　Check whether the brush contact is normal.
　　检查励磁系统各开关、刀闸是否良好；
　　Check whether all the switches and disconnectors of excitation system are normal.
　　检查励磁回路是否有断线、短路、极性接反等现象；
　　Check whether there is any breaking, short circuit, oppositely connected poles of excitation circuit.
　　检查励磁调节器或手动感应调压器装置是否完好；
　　Check whether the excitation regulator or manual inductive voltage regulator is good or not.
　　可根据当时有无报警，光字牌等异常现象加上表计指示进行综合判断。
　　Judge comprehensively in accordance to some abnormal phenomenon such as alarm and alarm window at that time.
　　3.1.8.14 发电机非同期并列
　　3.1.8.14 Asynchronous synchronization of generator.
　　3.1.8.14.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.14.1 Phenomenon:
　　并列时冲击很大；
　　Strong surge while in synchronization;
　　定子电流表剧烈摆动不停止，并超过正常值；
　　Current meter for stator swings dramatically all the time and even excess the normal value
　　运行中的发电机与母线各电压表都摆动不停止，且电压降低；
　　All the voltmeters for the generator and bus bar in operating deflect continuously with low voltage drop.
　　有功及无功功率表的指针在全盘内摆动。
　　Both active power meter and reactive power meter swing from minimal range to full scale range
　　机组发生强烈振动；
　　The generator set unit vibrates violently.
　　发电机发出鸣音，节奏与表计摆动合拍。
　　The generator give out loudly noise which synchronizing with rhythm of
　　3.1.8.14.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.14.2 Solutions:
　　若非同期并网操作的发电机主开关没有跳闸时，应立即手动断开与系统解列；
　　If the main breaker employed for the switch of generator in asynchronous synchronization does not trip, we should break it manually to make de-synchronization with the system.
　　
　　对发电机进行全面检查并应测量其绝缘电阻值是否在正常的范围内；
　　Do a thorough Checkup for the generator and measure its insulation resistance, in this way, we can judge it is normal or not.
　　对汽轮机轴系进行详细检查是否有损坏现象；
　　Check every detail for the turbine shaft to see whether there is any fault..
　　经全面检查没有发现设备异常现象，并查明非同期并网的原因、汇报值长，经总工批准后，可将发-变组重新升压进行并网操作；
　　After check, if there is no abnormity found in the device, and find the reason of asynchronous synchronization, report to the shift leader. After approved by chief engineer, the generator transformer unit can be re-stepped up and put into synchronization.
　　在未查明非同期并网的原因之前，不许再次进行并网操作。若是自动准同期装置故障引起的，可采用手动准同期方式进行并网操作。
　　It is not allowed to perform synchronization operation before clarifying the reason that cause the failure of synchronization. Under this condition, manual synchronization mode can be applied.
　　3.1.8.15 发电机振荡和失步的处理原则
　　3.1.8.15 Criteria Dealing With Generator Oscillation And Out Of Step
　　3.1.8.15.1现象：
　　3.1.8.15.1 Phenomenon:
　　定子电流表指针来回剧烈地摆动，并超过正常值；
　　He ampere meter swings sharply and even excess the normal value.
　　发电机和母线上各电压表指针剧烈地摆动，发电机强励可能动作；
　　The indications of all the voltmeters on both generator and bus bar fluctuate strongly, and action maybe implemented on the forced excitation of generator.
　　发电机有功功率表、无功功率表指针随着振荡周期和幅度在全刻度盘有规律的来回摆动；
　　both active power meter and reactive power meter for generator sways within the low and full scale range with oscillation period and magnitude regularly.
　　转子电压、转子电流值在正常值附近摆动；
　　The values of voltmeter and ammeter of rotor fluctuate around the normal value.
　　发电机发出鸣音，其节奏与上列各项表计的摆动合拍；
　　generator gives out loud noise and all the pointers of all above meters swings as the rhythm of generator oscillation period.
　　可能出现失步保护动作信号。
　　Out of step protection signal may happen.
　　3.1.8.15.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.15.2 Solutions:
　　汇报值长，立即查明振荡原因是系统引起还是发-变组失步引起；
　　Report to the shift leader, and check out that which caused the result, system or the out of step made by generator transformer unit.
　　如果励磁调节器在自动或手控方式下运行，不得干涉强励调节，应降低有功负荷；
　　If the excitation regulator is operated automatically or manually, no interference on forced excitation regulation is allowed, and active power load should be decreased.
　　励磁调节器在手动方式运行时，应将励磁输出调至最大，并适当降低有功；
　　When the excitation regulator is operated in manual way, we need to put the excitation output to the maximum, and decrease the active power properly.
　　失步保护动作跳闸时，按发电机事故跳闸后原则处理；
　　If the out of step protection trip, deal with it in accordance to the accident trip of generator.
　　失步保护未投，由于失步或振荡危及发电机安全时，立即解列发电机。
　　When the out of step protection is not put into operation, if the out of step or oscillation jeopardize the generator safety, the generator should be de-synchronized immediately.
　　3.1.8.16 发-变组主断路器自动跳闸(系统无冲击)
　　3.1.8.16 The main CB of generator transformer unit tripped automatically.(No surge to the system.)
　　3.1.8.16.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.16.1 Phenomenon:
　　 “逆功率保护动作”、“发电机中间侧、母线侧断路器跳闸”， “厂用电切换”，“失灵启动”、“汽机主汽门关闭”等光字牌亮；
　　The alarm windows of “reverse power protection action”, “breakers on the middle of generator and on the sides of bus bar tripped”, “auxiliary power switching” and “malfunction start up” are on.
　　
　　相应的主变150KV母线侧断路器、中间侧断路器跳开，厂高变低压侧分支断路器跳开，备用电源开关合闸，起备变带负荷, 厂用电源系统正常。
　　The relevant CBs on the 150kv bus side and middle side of the main transformer are tripped .The branch CB on the low voltage side of the auxiliary high voltage transformer is tripped. The switch of spare power supply is closed. The start up spare transformer is with load. The auxiliary power supply system is normal.
　　发电机有功、无功、定子电流、转子电流、电压到零。
　　The active power, reactive power, stator current, rotor current and the voltage of generator decrease to zero.
　　3.1.8.16.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.16.2 Solutions:
　　复归手闸，音响；
　　Reset the hand brake and alarm.
　　检查保护动作情况，汇报值长；
　　Check the protection condition, and report to the shift leader.
　　厂用电源已切换正常；
　　Make sure the auxiliary power supply is normal.
　　对发电机、变压器回路进行检查，准备恢复再次启动。
　　Check the circuits of generator and transformer, and prepare to recover the re-start up.
　　3.1.8.17 发-变组主断路器保护动作跳闸处理原则(系统有冲击)
　　3.1.8.17 Solution principles of main CB protection trip of generator and transformer.( system undergo a surge.)
　　3.1.8.17.1 现象：
　　3.1.8.17.1 Phenomenon:
　　系统冲击，音响；
　　There is surge to system and alarm is working.
　　 “保护动作”，“发电机中间侧、母线侧断路器跳闸”， “厂用电切换”，“失灵启动”等光字牌亮，机炉甩负荷；
　　The alarm windows of “X X protection action”, “CBs on the middle of generator and side of bus bar trip”, “auxiliary switch” and “malfunction start up” are lightening up, and load is rejected in turbine and furnace.
　　相应的主变150KV母线侧断路器、中间侧断路器跳开，厂高变低压侧分支断路器跳开，备用电源开关合闸，起备变带负荷.厂用电源系统正常。
　　The relevant CBs on the 150kv bus side and middle side of the main transformer are tripped. The branch CB on the low voltage side of the auxiliary high voltage transformer is tripped. The switch of spare power supply is closed. The start up spare transformer is with load. The auxiliary power supply system is normal.
　　发电机有功、无功、定子电流、转子电流、电压到零。
　　The active power, reactive power, stator current, rotor current and the voltage of generator decrease to zero.
　　3.1.8.17.2 处理：
　　3.1.8.17.2 Solutions:
　　复归手闸，音响；
　　Reset the hand brake and alarm.
　　检查保护动作情况，汇报值长；
　　Check the protection condition, and report to the shift leader.
　　检查厂用电源已切换正常；
　　Check the protection condition, and report to the shift leader.
　　对发电机、变压器回路进行详细检查，若有故障，将发-变组撤运，并做好安全措施，通知检修处理。
　　Do a detailed check to the circuits of generator and transformer. If there is any fault, stop operating the transformer and organize safety measures and also inform the maintenance staff of that for actions.