ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物

典型应用范围:

汽车（仪表板，工具舱门，车轮盖，反光镜盒等），电冰箱，

大强度工具（头发烘干机，搅拌器，食品加工机，割草机等），电话机壳体，

打字机键盘，娱乐用车辆如高尔夫球手推车以及喷气式雪撬车等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理：ABS材料具有吸湿性，要求在加工之前进行干燥处理。建议干燥条件

为80~90C下最少干燥2小时。材料温度应保证小于0.1%。

熔化温度：210~280C；建议温度：245C。

模具温度：25…70C。（模具温度将影响塑件光洁度，温度较低则导致光洁度较低）。

注射压力：500~1000bar。

注射速度：中高速度。

化学和物理特性:

ABS是由丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种化学单体合成。每种单体都具有不同特性：

丙烯腈有高强度、热稳定性及化学稳定性；丁二烯具有坚韧性、抗冲击特性；

苯乙烯具有易加工、高光洁度及高强度。从形态上看，ABS是非结晶性材料。

三中单体的聚合产生了具有两相的三元共聚物，一个是苯乙烯-丙烯腈的连续相，

另一个是聚丁二烯橡胶分散相。ABS的特性主要取决于三种单体的比率以及两相

中的分子结构。这就可以在产品设计上具有很大的灵活性，并且由此产生了市场

上百种不同品质的ABS材料。这些不同品质的材料提供了不同的特性，例如从中等

到高等的抗冲击性，从低到高的光洁度和高温扭曲特性等。

ABS材料具有超强的易加工性，外观特性，低蠕变性和优异的尺寸稳定性以及很高

的抗冲击强度。

ABS

Generic Class

ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)

Typical Applications

Automotive (instrument and interior trim panels, glove compartment doors, wheel covers, mirror housings, etc.), refrigerators, small appliance housings and power tools applications (hair dryers, blenders, food processors, lawnmowers, etc.), telephone housings, typewriter housings, typewriter keys, and recreational vehicles such as golf carts and jet skis.

Injection Molding Processing Conditions

Drying ABS resins are hygroscopic and drying is required prior to processing. Suggested drying conditions are 80 - 90 C (176 - 195 F) for a minimum of 2 hours. Resin moisture content should be less than 0.1%

Melt Temperature
200 - 280 C (392 - 536 F); Aim: 230 C (446 F)

Mold Temperature 25 - 80 C (77 - 176 F). (Mold temperatures control the gloss properties; lower mold temperatures produce lower gloss levels)

Resin Injection Pressure 500 - 1,000 bar (7,250 - 14,500 psi)

Injection Speed Moderate - high

Chemical and Physical Properties

ABS is produced by a combination of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Each of the monomers impart different properties: hardness, chemical and heat resistance from acrylonitrile; processibility, gloss, and strength from styrene; and toughness and impact resistance from butadiene. Morphologically, ABS is an amorphous resin.

The polymerization of the three monomers produces a terpolymer which has two phases: a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The properties of ABS are affected by the ratios of the monomers and molecular structure of the two phases. This allows a good deal of flexibility in product design and consequently, there are hundreds of grades available in the market. Commercially available grades offer different characteristics such as medium to high impact, low to high surface gloss, and high heat distortion.

ABS offers superior processibility, appearance, low creep and excellent dimensional stability, and high impact strength.

Major Manufacturers

Dow Chemical (Magnum grades), GE Plastics (Cycolac), Bayer (Lustran), BASF (Terluran), Chi Mei (Polylac), LG Chemical (Lupos), Cheil Synthesis.

PA12 聚酰胺12或尼龙12

典型应用范围:

水量表和其他商业设备，电缆套，机械凸轮，滑动机构以及轴承等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理：加工之前应保证湿度在0.1%以下。如果材料是暴露在空气中储存，建议要在

85C热空气中干燥4~5小时。如果材料是在密闭容器中储存，那么经过3小时温度平衡即可

直接使用。

熔化温度：240~300C；对于普通特性材料不要超过310C，对于有阻燃特性材料不要超过270C。

模具温度：对于未增强型材料为30~40C，对于薄壁或大面积元件为80~90C，对于增强型材料为

90~100C。增加温度将增加材料的结晶度。精确地控制模具温度对PA12来说是很重要的。

注射压力：最大可到1000bar（建议使用低保压压力和高熔化温度）。

注射速度：高速（对于有玻璃添加剂的材料更好些）。

流道和浇口:

对于未加添加剂的材料，由于材料粘性较低，流道直径应在30mm左右。对于增强型材料要求

5~8mm的大流道直径。流道形状应当全部为圆形。注入口应尽可能的短。可以使用多种形式

的浇口。大型塑件不要使用小浇口，这是为了避免对塑件过高的压力或过大的收缩率。浇口

厚度最好和塑件厚度相等。如果使用潜入式浇口，建议最小的直径为0.8mm。

热流道模具很有效，但是要求温度控制很精确以防止材料在喷嘴处渗漏或凝固。如果

使用热流道，浇口尺寸应当比冷流道要小一些。

化学和物理特性:

PA12是从丁二烯线性，半结晶-结晶热塑性材料。它的特性和PA11相似，但晶体结构不同。

PA12是很好的电气绝缘体并且和其它聚酰胺一样不会因潮湿影响绝缘性能。它有很好的

抗冲击性机化学稳定性。PA12有许多在塑化特性和增强特性方面的改良品种。

和PA6及PA66相比，这些材料有较低的熔点和密度，具有非常高的回潮率。PA12对强氧化性

酸无抵抗能力。

PA12的粘性主要取决于湿度、温度和储藏时间。它的流动性很好。收缩率在0.5%到2%之间，

这主要取决于材料品种、壁厚及其它工艺条件。

PA 12

Generic Class

PA 12 (Polyamide 12 or Nylon 12)

Typical Applications

Gear wheels for water meters and business machines, cable ties, cams, slides, and bearings.

Injection Molding Processing Conditions

Drying The moisture content must be below 0.1% prior to processing. If the material is exposed to air, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) for 4 -5 hours is recommended (3-4 hours in a desiccant dryer). If the container is unopened, it may be used directly for molding after 3 hours of equilibration to shop floor temperature.

Melt Temperature
230 - 300 C (446 - 580 F); Not to exceed 310 C (590 F) for standard grades and 270 C (518 F) for flame retardant grades

Mold Temperature
30 - 40C (86 - 104 F) for unreinforced grades; for thin walled or large surface area components, 80 -90 C (176 - 194 F) may be used; 90 - 100 C (194 - 212 F) for reinforced grades. Increasing the mold temperature increases the crystallinity level. It is very important to precisely control the mold temperature.

Resin Injection Pressure Up to 1,000 bar (14, 500 psi) Low hold pressures and high melt temperatures are recommended.

Injection Speed High (high speeds give better finish on glass-filled grades)

Runners and Gates

Runner diameters for unfilled grades may be as small as 3 - 5 mm because of the material's low viscosity. Reinforced grades require larger diameters (5 - 8 mm). The runner shape should be the full round type. Sprues should be as short as possible.

A variety of gates may be used. Small gates for large parts should be not be used, in order to avoid highly stressed components or excessive shrinkage. The thickness of the gate should preferably be equal to the part thickness. When using submarine gates, the minimum recommended diameter is 0.8 mm.

Hot runner molds may be used effectively but precise temperature control is necessary to prevent material drooling or freezing off at the nozzle. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates may be smaller than in the case of cold runners.

Chemical and Physical Properties

PA 12 is a linear, semicrystalline-crystalline thermoplastic derived from butadiene. It has properties similar to PA 11 but its crystal structure is different. PA 12 is a good electrical insulator and its properties are not as sensitive to humidity as other polyamides. It has good resistance to shock and resistant to many chemicals. It is extensively modified with plasticisers and reinforcements. In comparison to PA 6 and PA 66, these materials have a lower melting point, density, and much lower moisture regain. It is not resistant to strong oxidizing acids.

Viscosity is determined by water content, temperature, and residence time. This material flows easily. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.005 - 0.02 mm/mm (0.5 - 2%). This is dependent on the specific grade, wall thickness, and processing conditions.

Major Manufacturers

Huls (Vestamid), Elf Atochem (A).

PA12 聚酰胺12或尼龙12

典型应用范围:

水量表和其他商业设备，电缆套，机械凸轮，滑动机构以及轴承等。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理：加工之前应保证湿度在0.1%以下。如果材料是暴露在空气中储存，建议要在

85C热空气中干燥4~5小时。如果材料是在密闭容器中储存，那么经过3小时温度平衡即可

直接使用。

熔化温度：240~300C；对于普通特性材料不要超过310C，对于有阻燃特性材料不要超过270C。

模具温度：对于未增强型材料为30~40C，对于薄壁或大面积元件为80~90C，对于增强型材料为

90~100C。增加温度将增加材料的结晶度。精确地控制模具温度对PA12来说是很重要的。

注射压力：最大可到1000bar（建议使用低保压压力和高熔化温度）。

注射速度：高速（对于有玻璃添加剂的材料更好些）。

流道和浇口:

对于未加添加剂的材料，由于材料粘性较低，流道直径应在30mm左右。对于增强型材料要求

5~8mm的大流道直径。流道形状应当全部为圆形。注入口应尽可能的短。可以使用多种形式

的浇口。大型塑件不要使用小浇口，这是为了避免对塑件过高的压力或过大的收缩率。浇口

厚度最好和塑件厚度相等。如果使用潜入式浇口，建议最小的直径为0.8mm。

热流道模具很有效，但是要求温度控制很精确以防止材料在喷嘴处渗漏或凝固。如果

使用热流道，浇口尺寸应当比冷流道要小一些。

化学和物理特性:

PA12是从丁二烯线性，半结晶-结晶热塑性材料。它的特性和PA11相似，但晶体结构不同。

PA12是很好的电气绝缘体并且和其它聚酰胺一样不会因潮湿影响绝缘性能。它有很好的

抗冲击性机化学稳定性。PA12有许多在塑化特性和增强特性方面的改良品种。

和PA6及PA66相比，这些材料有较低的熔点和密度，具有非常高的回潮率。PA12对强氧化性

酸无抵抗能力。

PA12的粘性主要取决于湿度、温度和储藏时间。它的流动性很好。收缩率在0.5%到2%之间，

这主要取决于材料品种、壁厚及其它工艺条件。

PA 12

Generic Class

PA 12 (Polyamide 12 or Nylon 12)

Typical Applications

Gear wheels for water meters and business machines, cable ties, cams, slides, and bearings.

Injection Molding Processing Conditions

Drying The moisture content must be below 0.1% prior to processing. If the material is exposed to air, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) for 4 -5 hours is recommended (3-4 hours in a desiccant dryer). If the container is unopened, it may be used directly for molding after 3 hours of equilibration to shop floor temperature.

Melt Temperature
230 - 300 C (446 - 580 F); Not to exceed 310 C (590 F) for standard grades and 270 C (518 F) for flame retardant grades

Mold Temperature
30 - 40C (86 - 104 F) for unreinforced grades; for thin walled or large surface area components, 80 -90 C (176 - 194 F) may be used; 90 - 100 C (194 - 212 F) for reinforced grades. Increasing the mold temperature increases the crystallinity level. It is very important to precisely control the mold temperature.

Resin Injection Pressure Up to 1,000 bar (14, 500 psi) Low hold pressures and high melt temperatures are recommended.

Injection Speed High (high speeds give better finish on glass-filled grades)

Runners and Gates

Runner diameters for unfilled grades may be as small as 3 - 5 mm because of the material's low viscosity. Reinforced grades require larger diameters (5 - 8 mm). The runner shape should be the full round type. Sprues should be as short as possible.

A variety of gates may be used. Small gates for large parts should be not be used, in order to avoid highly stressed components or excessive shrinkage. The thickness of the gate should preferably be equal to the part thickness. When using submarine gates, the minimum recommended diameter is 0.8 mm.

Hot runner molds may be used effectively but precise temperature control is necessary to prevent material drooling or freezing off at the nozzle. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates may be smaller than in the case of cold runners.

Chemical and Physical Properties

PA 12 is a linear, semicrystalline-crystalline thermoplastic derived from butadiene. It has properties similar to PA 11 but its crystal structure is different. PA 12 is a good electrical insulator and its properties are not as sensitive to humidity as other polyamides. It has good resistance to shock and resistant to many chemicals. It is extensively modified with plasticisers and reinforcements. In comparison to PA 6 and PA 66, these materials have a lower melting point, density, and much lower moisture regain. It is not resistant to strong oxidizing acids.

Viscosity is determined by water content, temperature, and residence time. This material flows easily. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.005 - 0.02 mm/mm (0.5 - 2%). This is dependent on the specific grade, wall thickness, and processing conditions.

Major Manufacturers

Huls (Vestamid), Elf Atochem (A).

PA66 聚酰胺66或尼龙66

典型应用范围:

同PA6相比，PA66更广泛应用于汽车工业、仪器壳体以及其它需要有抗冲击性和高强度要求的产品。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理：如果加工前材料是密封的，那么就没有必要干燥。然而，如果储存容器被打开，那么建议在85C的热空气中干燥处理。如果湿度大于0.2%，还需要进行105C，12小时的真空干燥。

熔化温度：260~290C。对玻璃添加剂的产品为275~280C。熔化温度应避免高于300C。

模具温度：建议80C。模具温度将影响结晶度，而结晶度将影响产品的物理特性。对于

薄壁塑件，如果使用低于40C的模具温度，则塑件的结晶度将随着时间而变化，为了保持

塑件的几何稳定性，需要进行退火处理。

注射压力：通常在750~1250bar，取决于材料和产品设计。

注射速度：高速（对于增强型材料应稍低一些）。

流道和浇口:

由于PA66的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t

（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，

因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径

应当是0.75mm。

化学和物理特性:

PA66在聚酰胺材料中有较高的熔点。它是一种半晶体-晶体材料。PA66在较高温度也能保持较强的强度和刚度。PA66在成型后仍然具有吸湿性，其程度主要取决于材料的组成、壁厚以及环境条件。在产品设计时，一定要考虑吸湿性对几何稳定性的影响。

为了提高PA66的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。

PA66的粘性较低，因此流动性很好（但不如PA6）。这个性质可以用来加工很薄的元件。

它的粘度对温度变化很敏感。PA66的收缩率在1%~2%之间，加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以将

收缩率降低到0.2%~1% 。收缩率在流程方向和与流程方向相垂直方向上的相异是较大的。

PA66对许多溶剂具有抗溶性，但对酸和其它一些氯化剂的抵抗力较弱。

PA 66

Generic Class

PA 66 (Polyamide 66, or Nylon 66, or poly (hexamethylene adipamide))

Applications

Competes with PA 6 for most applications. PA 66 is heavily used in the automotive industry, appliance housings, and generally where impact resistance and strength are required.

Injection Molding Processing conditions

Drying Drying is not required if the material is sealed prior to molding; however, if the containers are left open, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) is recommended. If the moisture content is > 0.2%, vacuum drying at 105 C (220 F) for 12 hours is recommended.

Melt Temperature
260 - 290 C (500 - 554 F); 275 - 280 C (527 - 536 F) for glass filled grades; melt temperatures above 300 C (572 F) should be avoided

Mold Temperature 80 C (176 F) suggested. Mold temperature affects crystallinity level which in turn affects physical properties. In the case of thin walled parts, crystallinity changes with time if mold temperatures of less than 40 C (104 F) are used. In such cases, annealing may be needed to retain dimensional stability.

Resin Injection Pressure
Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi), depends on material and product design

Injection Speed High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)

Runners and Gates

The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.

Chemical and physical properties

PA 66 homopolymer is produced by the polymerization of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid (a dibasic acid). Among commercially available polyamides, PA 66 has one of the highest melting points. It is a semicrystalline-crystalline material. The resins have strength and stiffness which is retained at elevated temperatures. It does absorb moisture after molding, but the retention is not as much as in the case of PA 6. Moisture absorption depends on the composition of the material, wall thickness, and environmental conditions. Dimensional stability and properties are all affected by the amount of moisture absorption which must be taken into account for product design.

Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used filler. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.

The viscosity is low and therefore, it flows easily (but not as easily as PA 6). This allows molding of thin components. The viscosity is very sensitive to temperature. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.01 - 0.02 mm/mm (1 - 2%). Addition of reinforcing glass fibers reduces the shrinkage to 0.2 - 1%. Differential shrinkage in the flow and cross-flow directions is quite high. Mineral fillers yield more isotropic moldings. PA 66 is resistant to most solvents but not to strong acids or oxidizing agents.

Major Manufacturers

BASF (Ultramid A), DuPont (Minlon - mineral reinforced grades; Zytel), Monsanto (Vydyne), DSM (Akulon).

PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

类别名:

典型应用范围:

汽车工业（信号灯设备、仪表盘等），医药行业（储血容器等），工业应用（影碟、灯光散射器)，日用消费品（饮料杯、文具等）。

注塑模工艺条件:

干燥处理：PMMA具有吸湿性因此加工前的干燥处理是必须的。建议干燥条件为90C、2~4小时。

熔化温度：240~270C。

模具温度：35~70C。

注射速度：中等

化学和物理特性:

PMMA具有优良的光学特性及耐气侯变化特性。白光的穿透性高达92%。PMMA制品具有很低的双折射，特别适合制作影碟等。

PMMA具有室温蠕变特性。随着负荷加大、时间增长，可导致应力开裂现象。PMMA具有较好的抗冲击特性。

PMMA

Generic Class

PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate)

Typical Applications

Automotive (signal light devices, instrument panels, etc.), medical (blood cuvettes, etc.), industrial (video discs, lighting diffusers, display shelving, etc.), consumer (drinking tumblers, stationery accessories, etc.)

Injection Molding Processing Conditions

Drying PMMA is hygroscopic and must be dried prior to molding. Drying at 90 C (194 F) for 2-4 hours is recommended.

Melt Temperature 240 - 280 C (460 - 536 F)

Mold Temperature 35 - 80 C (90 - 176 F)

Injection Speed Moderate

Chemical and Physical Properties

Pellets for injection molding are made either by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate followed by extrusion and pelletization or by polymerization in an extruder. Formulations vary by molecular weight and physical properties such as flow rate, heat resistance, and toughness. Higher molecular weight grades are tougher than lower molecular weight grades. High flow formulations are generally preferred for molding.

Heat deflection temperature under load varies from 75 C (167 F) for high flow materials to 100 C (212 F) for low flow (high molecular weight) materials.

PMMA has excellent optical properties and weatherability. The white light transmittance is as high as 92%. Molded parts can have very low birefringence which makes it ideally suited as a material for video discs.

PMMA exhibits room temperature creep. The initial tensile strength is high but under long term, high stress loading, it exhibits stress craze. Impact strength is good but it does show some notch sensitivity.

Major Manufacturers

Cyro Industries, Atohaas (Plexiglas), BASF, Mitsubishi Rayon.